JetSet Field Guide

Disclaimer: 

This Field Guide is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to substitute for medical advice provided by a doctor. You should seek direct medical care when available to you. When possible, you are to speak with appropriately trained medical experts before using any prescription medications included in the kit.

The details presented in this guide are meant for general understanding and should not replace professional medical advice or treatment tailored to specific medical conditions. Refrain from using this information to self-diagnose or treat health issues without consulting a qualified healthcare provider. For any questions or concerns about your condition, consult your healthcare provider. In case of a medical emergency, contact your doctor or head to the emergency department promptly.

Table of Contents

Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Vomiting, And Diarrhea …………....…………………………………………..4

Allergies And Allergic Reactions ………………………………………………………………………………6

Altitude Sickness ……………..........…………………………………………………………………………….7

Low Back Pain ...…………………….….....………………………………………………………………………8

Cold Injuries In Frostbite …………………….....……………………………………………………………..10

Ear Pain and Infection……..…………....……………………………………………….……………………..11

Nasal and Sinus Pain and Infection…………………………………………………………......……….….12

Throat Pain and Infections …………………………………………………………………………………….13

Heat and Heat Exhaustion ……………………………………………………………………………………..14

Pelvic and Urinary Tract Infections ………………………………………………………………..………..16

Skin Rashes ………………………………………………………………………….……………………………17

Constipation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………....18

Wound Care ………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..19

Travel Medicine ………………………………………………………………………………….……………….20

Doxycycline Monohydrate (100 mg, cap) ………….......…….…………………………………………….22

Azithromycin (250 mg, tab) ……………………………………………………………………………………23

Ondansetron ODT (4mg, tab) …………………………………………………………………………………24

SoluMedrol (4mg, tab) …….……………………………………………………………………………………24

Ciprofloxacin (0.30%, sol ….........…………………………………………………………………………..25

Nitrofurantion Monohydrate (100 mg, cap) ………………………………………………………..………26

EpiPen ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26

Fluconazole (150 mg, tab) ……………..………………………………………………………………………27

Dicyclomine (10 mg, cap) ………………………………………………………………………………………28

Famotadine (20 mg, tab) ……………………………………………………………….……………………….29

Mupirocin (15gm, 2% ointment ……………………………………………………………...………………..30

Betamethasone Dipropionate (15gm, 0.05% cream) ……………………..………………………………31

Ibuprofen (600 mg, tab) …………………………………………………………………………………………32

Diphenhydramine (25mg, capsules) ……………………………………………………………………..….33

Acetaminophen (500mg, tab) ………………………………………………………….………………………34

Miralax (17gm, Powder) ………...………………………………………………………………………………35

Albuterol (HFA inhaler, 90 mcg) ……………………………………………………………….……………..36

Adhesive Bandages (1inch x 3 1/4 inch) …..……………………………………………………………….37

Isopropyl Alchohol Prep Pad (70%, Individual Swab)   ……………..………………………………….38

Appendix A – Package Insert……………………………………………………………………….………...39

Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Vomiting, And Diarrhea

Experiencing abdominal pain alongside nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can be challenging. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea commonly occur together due to various factors. Gastroenteritis, often triggered by viral or bacterial infections, and food poisoning from contaminated sources are frequent culprits. Chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can contribute to this symptom cluster. Gastritis, resulting from infections, medications, or excessive alcohol intake, may also lead to these discomforts. This guide aims to provide detailed information on understanding these symptoms and suggests steps for managing and seeking help.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Abdominal Pain: Note the specific location and nature of the pain. Is it sharp, crampy, or a dull ache? This information assists in identifying potential causes, such as digestive issues or infections.
  • Nausea: The feeling that you might vomit is nausea. It often accompanies abdominal discomfort and can be an indicator of various underlying conditions.
  • Vomiting: If your body expels the contents of your stomach, it's vomiting. Keep track of how often this occurs, as frequent vomiting can lead to dehydration.
  • Diarrhea: Watery or more frequent bowel movements than usual constitute diarrhea. This symptom, along with the others, suggests an upset stomach or gastrointestinal disturbance.

Treatment

  • Rest and Hydration: Allow your body to rest, and focus on staying hydrated. Drink clear fluids like water, electrolyte solutions, or diluted fruit juices to replenish lost fluids from vomiting and diarrhea.
  • Dietary Adjustments: Avoid spicy, fatty, or hard-to-digest foods. Opt for bland options like crackers, plain rice, or bananas. These are easier on the stomach during recovery.
  • Over-the-Counter Medications: Consider over-the-counter medications for symptom relief. Anti-nausea and anti-diarrheal medications may be helpful, but it's important to consult a healthcare provider or pharmacist for age-appropriate and safe options.
  • Prescription Medications: In severe cases, a healthcare professional might prescribe specific medications to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying cause. Take prescription medications as directed by the healthcare provider.
  • Gradual Food Reintroduction: As your symptoms improve, reintroduce easy-to-digest foods gradually. Start with small portions to gauge how your stomach responds.
  • Rest and Avoid Heavy Meals: Give your stomach time to recover by avoiding heavy or large meals. Rest is crucial during this period, allowing your digestive system to settle.

Medications:

For Abdominal Pain:

  • Antacids: Tums, Rolaids, Maalox can help neutralize stomach acid and relieve indigestion.
  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Can be used for mild to moderate pain. Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, as they may irritate the stomach.

For Nausea:

  • Antiemetics: Over-the-counter options include dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or meclizine (Bonine). They may help reduce feelings of nausea.

For Vomiting:

  • Emetrol: An over-the-counter antiemetic that may help alleviate vomiting.

For Diarrhea:

  • Loperamide (Imodium): A common over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medication that can help reduce diarrhea.
  • Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol): Can help relieve symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and upset stomach.

When to Seek Professional Help

If symptoms persist, worsen, or if dehydration becomes a concern (difficulty keeping liquids down, dark urine, dry mouth), seek medical attention promptly. Dehydration can be serious, especially in cases of prolonged vomiting and diarrhea.

Remember, always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and appropriate treatment based on the severity and duration of your symptoms.

Allergies And Allergic Reactions

Allergies are widespread, affecting millions globally, and understanding their nature is pivotal for individuals navigating a world filled with potential triggers. An Allergy is the immune system's hypersensitive response to substances that are typically harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can range from pollen and pet dander to certain foods, medications, or insect stings.

When an allergic individual encounters these triggers, the immune system perceives them as threats and unleashes a cascade of defensive reactions. This heightened response often leads to a variety of symptoms that can affect the skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, or other organs. This guide is here to help you understand the basics of allergies, recognize their signs and symptoms, and explore various treatment options.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Itchy, Watery Eyes
  • Eyes become red, itchy, and watery.
  • Persistent rubbing of the eyes, sensitivity to light.
  • Sneezing and Runny Nose
  • Frequent sneezing and a runny or congested nose.
  • Nasal itching, clear or watery mucus.
  • Skin Rash or Hives
  • Red, raised, and itchy skin patches.
  • Swelling, warmth, and discomfort.
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Difficulty breathing, wheezing.
  • Tightness in the chest, coughing.
  • Gastrointestinal Distress
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
  • Abdominal pain, bloating.

Treatment

Avoidance:

  • Identify and avoid allergens that trigger reactions.
  • Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, and insect stings.

Antihistamines:

  • Over-the-counter medications that help relieve itching, sneezing, and runny nose.
  • Examples: Loratadine, cetirizine.

Epinephrine (EpiPen):

  • Emergency treatment for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).
  • Administered as an injection into the thigh.

Topical Corticosteroids:

  • Creams or ointments to reduce skin inflammation and itching.

Immunotherapy:

  • Allergy shots or oral tablets gradually desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.

Remember, always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. This guide is a starting point to better understand allergies and allergic reactions.

When to Seek Professional Help

If allergy symptoms interfere with daily life or if there's a risk of anaphylaxis, seek professional help. Emergency care is crucial for severe reactions. If someone has trouble breathing, throat swelling, or a rapid drop in blood pressure, call emergency services immediately. Don't wait. It's better to be safe and get help promptly.

Altitude Sickness

Whether you're a seasoned traveler or embarking on a high-altitude adventure, understanding altitude sickness is crucial for a safe and enjoyable experience. Altitude Sickness, also known as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), is a condition that can occur when a person rapidly ascends to higher altitudes, typically above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) or more. It is caused by the body's inability to adjust quickly to the reduced oxygen levels and lower air pressure at higher elevations.

The main factors contributing to altitude sickness include:

  • Reduced Oxygen Levels: As you ascend to higher altitudes, the air pressure decreases, leading to lower oxygen levels. This reduction in oxygen can affect the body's ability to function properly.
  • Rapid Ascent: Climbing to high altitudes too quickly without allowing the body time to acclimatize increases the risk of altitude sickness.

This guide will introduce you to the basics of altitude sickness, its signs and symptoms, and the available treatments.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Headache
  • Persistent, throbbing head pain.
  • Worsens with physical activity, may feel like a hangover.
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Feeling queasy and an urge to vomit.
  • Loss of appetite, stomach discomfort.
  • Fatigue and Weakness
  • Unusual tiredness, lack of energy.
  • Difficulty sleeping, overall weakness.
  • Dizziness or Lightheadedness
  • Feeling unsteady, dizzy, or faint.
  • Difficulty maintaining balance.
  • Shortness of Breath
  • Difficulty breathing, especially with exertion.
  • Rapid breathing, even at rest.

Treatment

Descent:

  • The most effective treatment is descending to a lower altitude.
  • Descend until symptoms improve, especially for severe cases.

Rest and Hydration:

  • Take a break, rest, and allow your body to acclimatize.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to combat dehydration.

Medications:

  • Acetazolamide (Diamox) may be prescribed to help prevent and alleviate symptoms.
  • Ibuprofen can relieve headaches and reduce inflammation.

Oxygen Therapy:

  • In severe cases, supplemental oxygen can be administered.

Prevention:

  • Gradual ascent allows for better acclimatization.
  • Stay well-hydrated and avoid alcohol and strenuous activity in the early days at high altitudes.

Altitude sickness can affect anyone at altitudes above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters). If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.

When to Seek Professional Help

If symptoms of altitude sickness develop, it's crucial to descend to a lower altitude promptly. In some cases, medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) may be prescribed to help prevent or alleviate symptoms. If severe symptoms persist, seeking medical attention is imperative.

Low Back Pain

Low back pain is a common condition that can affect people of all ages. It can be acute, lasting for a few days to a few weeks, or chronic, lasting for more than three months. There are various potential causes of low back pain, and it can result from muscle strain, ligament sprain, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, and other structural or mechanical issues.

Signs and Symptoms

Low back pain can manifest in various ways, and the signs and symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause. Here are common signs and symptoms associated with low back pain:

  • Dull, Aching Pain: The most common symptom is a persistent, dull ache in the lower back. The pain may be centralized or on one side.
  • Muscle Stiffness: Tightness or stiffness in the muscles of the lower back can contribute to discomfort and limited range of motion.
  • Sharp or Shooting Pain: Some individuals may experience sharp, shooting pain that radiates down the leg. This may be a sign of nerve compression or irritation, such as in the case of a herniated disc.
  • Pain with Movement: Pain can be aggravated or intensified by certain movements, such as bending, lifting, or twisting.
  • Limited Range of Motion: Individuals with low back pain may find it challenging to move the spine freely, and there may be restrictions in certain movements.
  • Pain that Worsens with Prolonged Sitting or Standing: For some people, sitting or standing for extended periods may exacerbate low back pain.
  • Weakness or Numbness: In cases where nerves are affected, there may be weakness or numbness in the legs or feet. This is often associated with conditions like sciatica.
  • Pain that Improves with Rest: Rest may alleviate the pain in some cases, especially if it's due to muscle strain or overuse.
  • Pain that Persists or Worsens: Acute low back pain may resolve on its own with rest and conservative measures. However, if the pain persists for more than a few weeks or worsens over time, it may indicate a more serious underlying condition.
  • Pain Accompanied by Other Symptoms: Low back pain can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever, unintentional weight loss, or changes in bowel or bladder function. These symptoms may suggest a more serious condition and should prompt prompt medical attention.

Treatment

The treatment for low back pain depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the pain, and individual factors. Here are some general approaches to managing and treating low back pain:

Self-Care and Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Rest: Short-term rest may be helpful for acute back pain, but long periods of inactivity are generally not recommended.
  • Ice and Heat Therapy: Applying ice packs or heat pads to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Use ice in the first 48 hours for acute injuries, then switch to heat.
  • Over-the-Counter Pain Medications: Non-prescription pain relievers like ibuprofen (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
  • Physical Therapy:

A physical therapist can provide exercises and stretches to strengthen the muscles, improve flexibility, and correct posture.

Manual therapy, such as massage or spinal manipulation, may be beneficial in some cases.

Medications:

  • Prescription Medications: In cases of more severe pain, a healthcare professional may prescribe stronger pain medications or muscle relaxants.
  • Topical Analgesics: Creams, patches, or ointments containing analgesic agents can be applied to the skin over the painful area.

Injections:

  • Corticosteroid injections into the affected area can help reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief, especially for conditions like herniated discs.

Supportive Devices:

  • Lumbar Supports or Braces: These devices can provide additional support to the lower back and may be recommended in certain situations.

Exercise and Activity:

  • Staying active and engaging in low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or stationary cycling can promote healing and prevent further episodes of back pain.

Counseling and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy:

  • For chronic back pain, especially when there's a psychological component, counseling or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may be beneficial in managing pain and improving coping strategies.

Weight Management:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on the lower back and help prevent or alleviate back pain.

When to Seek Professional Help

It's important to note that these symptoms can be indicative of various causes of low back pain. If you're experiencing persistent or severe symptoms, or if you have concerns about your back pain, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.

Cold Injuries In Frostbite

Experiencing the cold can sometimes lead to serious conditions like frostbite, and it's essential to understand how these cold injuries occur and what steps to take. Frostbite happens when skin and other tissues freeze due to exposure to extremely cold temperatures.

When the body is exposed to freezing conditions, blood vessels near the skin surface narrow to conserve heat for vital organs. This reduction in blood flow, combined with prolonged exposure, can cause ice crystals to form in the cells, damaging tissues. Typically, extremities like fingers, toes, nose, and ears are most susceptible.

Signs And Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of frostbite become apparent as the skin and underlying tissues are exposed to extremely cold temperatures for a prolonged period.

  • Numbness or Tingling:

Early stages of frostbite may cause the affected areas, such as fingers, toes, nose, or ears, to feel numb or tingly.

  • Pain or Discomfort:

As frostbite progresses, individuals may experience pain or discomfort in the affected areas.

  • Skin Color Changes:

The skin may turn pale or white, signaling reduced blood flow to the affected area.

  • Hard or Firm Skin:

The affected skin may feel hard or firm to the touch as a result of ice crystals forming within the cells.

  • Blistering:

In severe cases, blisters may develop on the affected skin, indicating deeper tissue damage.

  • Blackened or Darkened Skin:

Advanced frostbite can lead to the skin taking on a blackened or darkened appearance due to tissue damage.

  • Joint and Muscle Stiffness:

Frostbite can cause stiffness in joints and muscles near the affected area.

It's important to note that frostbite can occur gradually, and individuals may not initially notice the severity of the symptoms due to numbness. If any signs of frostbite are suspected, immediate action is crucial.

Treatment

The treatment of frostbite involves prompt and careful measures to warm the affected areas. Here are key steps to take:

Move to a Warm Environment:

  • Immediately move to a warmer place to prevent further exposure to cold temperatures.

Remove Wet Clothing:

  • Take off wet clothing to prevent additional heat loss. Replace with dry, warm clothing.

Gently Warm the Affected Area:

  • Use body heat or warm (not hot) water to gently warm the frostbitten area. Avoid using direct heat sources like heaters or fire, as numb skin can be easily burned.

Avoid Rubbing:

  • Refrain from rubbing or massaging the frostbitten skin, as it can cause further damage to the tissues.

Keep the Rest of the Body Warm:

  • Maintain warmth for the rest of the body by bundling up in blankets and wearing dry, warm clothing.

Stay Hydrated:

  • Drink warm beverages to help raise the body's internal temperature.

Pain Management:

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be used to manage pain, following medical recommendations.

When to Seek Professional Help

If there are signs of severe frostbite, such as blistering, darkened skin, or if the affected area doesn't warm up, seek immediate medical attention.

Ear Pain and Infections

Ear pain and infections refer to discomfort and inflammation in the ear. Ear pain can be caused by various factors, with ear infections being a common culprit. Ear infections typically target the middle ear, behind the eardrum, and can result in symptoms such as earache, ear discharge, hearing loss, fever, and irritability in children. These conditions can be caused by bacteria or viruses, leading to pain and potential complications.

Whether you're personally dealing with ear discomfort or assisting someone who is, this guide aims to provide a straightforward overview of what causes ear pain, common signs and symptoms of ear infections, potential treatments, and when it's crucial to seek professional help.

Signs and Symptoms

These include the followings:

  • Earache: The most obvious sign is pain in the ear, ranging from mild discomfort to severe throbbing. This can be constant or intermittent.
  • Ear Discharge: In some cases, ear infections lead to the production of pus or other fluids, which may drain from the ear.
  • Hearing Loss: Temporary hearing loss or muffled hearing can occur during an ear infection, especially if there is fluid build-up in the middle ear.
  • Fever: Ear infections may be accompanied by a fever, particularly in children.
  • Irritability in Children: Infants and young children may express their discomfort through increased irritability, difficulty sleeping, or tugging at their ears.

Treatment

Managing ear pain and infections often involves a combination of home remedies and medical interventions:

  • Pain Relief Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help alleviate the discomfort associated with ear pain.
  • Warm Compress: Applying a warm compress to the affected ear can provide relief and may help reduce inflammation.
  • Ear Drops: Over-the-counter ear drops can be effective in easing pain and addressing mild infections. Consult a healthcare professional before using ear drops, especially if there is drainage or if the eardrum is perforated.
  • Antibiotics: Bacterial ear infections may require a course of antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional.
  • Avoiding Irritants: Stay away from potential irritants like cigarette smoke, and keep the ears dry to prevent further complications.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek professional help for ear pain and infections if the pain is severe or persists for more than a few days, if there is drainage accompanied by fever, sudden or significant hearing loss, recurrent infections, especially in children under six months old, or if symptoms persist in older children. Consulting with a healthcare professional ensures a proper evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment for the best possible outcome.

Nasal and Sinus Pain and Infections

Nose pain and infections can be distressing conditions, often affecting individuals due to various causes. The nose is a vital organ responsible for filtering and humidifying the air we breathe, making it susceptible to infections and discomfort.

One common source of nose pain is sinusitis, which occurs when the sinuses, air-filled cavities behind the forehead, cheeks, and eyes, become inflamed. This inflammation can result from viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or other factors. Individuals with sinusitis often experience pain and pressure in the nasal area, along with symptoms such as congestion, headaches, and facial tenderness. In severe cases, sinus infections may lead to persistent pain, and the discomfort can radiate to other parts of the face.

In addition to sinusitis, nasal infections can be caused by various factors, including the common cold, flu, or even environmental irritants. These infections can lead to nasal congestion, runny nose, and discomfort. Recognizing the signs and understanding how to manage these issues can greatly contribute to a quicker recovery.

Signs and Symptoms

These include the followings:

  • Nasal Congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose due to a blocked or stuffy feeling.
  • Runny Nose: Excessive nasal discharge, which may be clear or discolored.
  • Facial Pain: Discomfort or pressure around the nose, forehead, or cheeks.
  • Headaches: Pain or pressure in the head, often around the forehead or behind the eyes.
  • Sneezing and Coughing: Common symptoms, especially in cases of allergies or viral infections.
  • Loss of Smell: Some individuals may experience a diminished sense of smell during nasal infections.
  • Fatigue: Feeling tired or run-down, particularly if the infection is accompanied by other cold or flu-like symptoms.

Treatment

Mild cases of nose pain and infections can often be managed at home with simple remedies:

  • Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam, either from a hot shower or a bowl of hot water, can help relieve nasal congestion and ease facial pain.
  • Saline Nasal Rinse: Rinsing nasal passages with a saline solution can clear mucus and reduce congestion.
  • Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus, making it easier to expel.
  • Over-the-Counter Medications: Decongestants and antihistamines are available to relieve symptoms, but it's crucial to use them as directed and consult with a pharmacist or healthcare professional if unsure.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seeking professional help for nose pain and infections is crucial in specific situations. If nasal symptoms persist or worsen despite using over-the-counter remedies, consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended for a comprehensive evaluation

Throat Pain and Infections

Throat pain and infections are common conditions that many of us experience at some point in our lives. Whether it's a scratchy throat from seasonal changes or a more severe infection, understanding the signs, symptoms, and appropriate treatments is essential for managing discomfort and preventing complications.

Throat pain and infections generally refer to the inflammation of the throat, which can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections. The most common infections are pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx) and tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils). These conditions can be quite uncomfortable but are usually manageable with proper care.

Signs and Symptoms

These include the followings:

  • Sore Throat: The most obvious and common symptom is a sore or scratchy throat.
  • Difficulty Swallowing: Pain or discomfort while swallowing, sometimes accompanied by a feeling of a lump in the throat.
  • Red or Swollen Tonsils: In the case of tonsillitis, the tonsils may become visibly red and swollen.
  • White Patches or Pus: Bacterial infections, such as streptococcal infections, can cause white patches or pus on the tonsils.
  • Hoarseness: Your voice may become hoarse or change in pitch.
  • Coughing: A persistent cough may accompany throat infections, especially if the infection has spread to the respiratory system.
  • Fever: In some cases, throat infections can cause a mild to moderate fever.

Treatment

Managing throat pain and infections often involves a combination of self-care measures and, in some cases, medical intervention. Here are some effective strategies for alleviating discomfort:

  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal teas, and broths, to keep the throat moist and help soothe irritation.
  • Rest Your Voice: Avoid excessive talking or shouting, and give your vocal cords time to heal.
  • Use Throat Lozenges or Hard Candy: Sucking on lozenges or hard candy can help stimulate saliva production and soothe a sore throat.
  • Gargle with Saltwater: Mix a teaspoon of salt into a glass of warm water and gargle several times a day to reduce inflammation.
  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate pain and reduce fever.
  • Humidify the Air: Using a humidifier can add moisture to the air, preventing the throat from becoming too dry.

For bacterial infections, especially if streptococcal infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed by a healthcare professional. It's crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seeking professional medical help for throat pain and infections is essential in certain situations to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. If you experience severe and persistent symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly. If your throat pain is accompanied by a high fever that doesn't subside with over-the-counter medications, or if you have difficulty breathing or swallowing, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms could indicate a more severe infection that requires professional evaluation.

Heat and Heat Exhaustion

Heat and heat exhaustion pose significant health risks, particularly in warm climates or during periods of extreme heat. When the body is exposed to high temperatures, it must regulate its internal temperature to prevent overheating. Prolonged exposure to excessive heat can lead to heat-related illnesses, with heat exhaustion being a common and serious concern.

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body is unable to cool itself adequately through sweating. This condition often results from a combination of dehydration and excessive heat exposure. If not addressed promptly, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a more severe and life-threatening condition. Preventive measures, such as staying hydrated, taking breaks in shaded or cool areas, and avoiding strenuous activities during peak heat, are crucial in mitigating the risk of heat-related illnesses. Individuals should be aware of the signs of heat exhaustion and take immediate action by moving to a cooler environment, hydrating, and resting to avoid further complications.

Signs and Symptoms

These include the followings:

  • Heavy Sweating: Excessive sweating is the body's natural response to cool down. However, in extreme heat or high humidity, this mechanism may not be sufficient.
  • Weakness: Feeling weak or fatigued, especially after physical activity in the heat, can be an early sign of heat-related stress.
  • Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Prolonged exposure to heat can cause dehydration, leading to dizziness or a sensation of lightheadedness.
  • Nausea or Vomiting: Heat exhaustion may be accompanied by feelings of nausea, and in some cases, vomiting may occur.
  • Cool, Moist Skin: While sweating is a common response, the skin may feel cool and moist to the touch as the body attempts to regulate its temperature.
  • Rapid Pulse: An elevated heart rate is a common symptom of heat exhaustion.
  • Muscle Cramps: Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can result in painful muscle cramps, particularly in the legs and abdomen.
  • Pale or Flushed Skin: Skin color may vary, with some individuals appearing pale, while others may develop a flushed complexion.

Treatment

Effective treatment for heat and heat exhaustion involves prompt action to cool the body down and rehydrate. Here are some steps to take if you or someone else is experiencing symptoms:

  • Move to a Cooler Environment: If possible, get out of the heat and into an air-conditioned or shaded area.
  • Hydrate: Drink plenty of cool fluids, preferably water, to help the body rehydrate. Avoid caffeinated or alcoholic beverages, as they can contribute to dehydration.
  • Loosen Clothing: Wear lightweight and loose-fitting clothing to allow the body to cool down more efficiently.
  • Cool Compresses: Apply cool compresses or wet cloths to the skin to help lower body temperature.
  • Rest: Take a break from physical activity and allow the body to recover.

In more severe cases, where symptoms persist or worsen, seeking professional medical attention is crucial. Heat exhaustion left untreated can progress to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition.

When to Seek Professional Help

If symptoms of heat exhaustion persist or worsen despite efforts to cool down, it is crucial to seek professional medical help. Additionally, any signs of confusion, loss of consciousness, or seizures require immediate attention. Individuals with pre-existing health conditions should be particularly vigilant, as they may be more susceptible to heat-related complications. In cases where the body temperature continues to rise unabated, prompt medical assistance is essential.

Pelvic and Urinary Tract Infections

Pelvic and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common medical conditions that affect the reproductive and urinary systems, respectively, primarily impacting women but also affecting men.

Pelvic Infections often involve the organs in the pelvic region, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. These infections can result from various causes, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), childbirth complications, or the spread of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and facilitate effective treatment through antibiotics or other appropriate interventions.

Urinary Tract Infections, on the other hand, primarily affect the bladder but can also extend to the kidneys. They are often caused by bacteria entering the urethra and multiplying in the urinary tract. While UTIs are more prevalent in women due to the shorter length of the female urethra, men can also be affected.

These infections can range from mild discomfort to severe complications, and understanding their signs, symptoms, and appropriate treatments is essential for maintaining reproductive and urinary health.

Signs and Symptoms:

These include the followings:

  • Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic region is a common symptom, often varying in intensity.
  • Frequent Urination: The urge to urinate more frequently than usual, sometimes accompanied by a sense of urgency.
  • Burning Sensation: A burning sensation during urination is indicative of irritation in the urinary tract.
  • Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in urine color or odor may suggest an infection in the urinary tract.
  • Lower Abdominal Discomfort: Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen may be experienced.
  • Blood in Urine: In some cases, infections can cause blood to appear in the urine, a condition known as hematuria.
  • Fever: A fever may indicate a more severe infection, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms.
  • Painful Intercourse: Pelvic infections can lead to pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
  • Back Pain: In more advanced cases, the infection may cause back pain, particularly in the lower back.

Treatment

The treatment of pelvic and urinary tract infections involves a combination of self-care measures and, in some cases, medical intervention. Here are some strategies for managing these infections:

  • Antibiotics: Most urinary tract infections are bacterial and can be treated with a course of antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional. It's crucial to complete the entire course, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.
  • Increased Fluid Intake: Staying well-hydrated helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and can aid in the recovery process.
  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help alleviate discomfort and reduce fever.
  • Avoiding Irritants: Limiting the consumption of irritants like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods can help reduce irritation in the urinary tract.
  • Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the lower abdomen can provide relief from pelvic pain and discomfort.

For pelvic infections, especially those involving the reproductive organs, healthcare professionals may consider additional interventions, such as surgery or specialized medications. It's essential to follow the prescribed treatment plan and attend any follow-up appointments to ensure complete recovery.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you experience a persistent or worsening fever, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider, as this may indicate a more severe infection. Severe pelvic or abdominal pain that does not respond to over-the-counter pain relievers warrants prompt medical attention. The presence of blood in the urine is another red flag, requiring immediate medical evaluation to rule out serious complications.

Skin Rashes

Skin rashes can be like mysterious guests that show up uninvited, leaving us puzzled and itching for answers. They come in various forms, colors, and patterns, and decoding their language can be challenging. In this field guide, we'll navigate the landscape of skin rashes, breaking down their signs, symptoms, and treatment options in plain and simple language.

Skin rashes are more common than we might think, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. They can be caused by a myriad of factors, ranging from allergies and infections to chronic conditions. Understanding the basics of skin rashes is the first step towards managing and preventing them.

Signs and Symptoms

When it comes to identifying a skin rash, it's crucial to pay attention to the signs and symptoms that accompany it.

  • Redness: Most skin rashes manifest as red patches on the skin. The intensity of redness can vary, from a subtle blush to a deeper, more pronounced hue.
  • Itching: The itchiness associated with a rash can be mild or severe. It's important not to scratch, as this can worsen the condition and potentially lead to infections.
  • Bumps or Pimples: Rashes often present as small bumps or pimples. These can be filled with fluid, and their appearance may vary depending on the underlying cause.
  • Scaling or Peeling: Some rashes cause the skin to become dry, scaly, or peel. This is especially common in conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
  • Pain or Discomfort: Certain rashes may be accompanied by pain or discomfort, making daily activities challenging.

Identifying these characteristics can provide valuable clues about the nature of the rash and help determine the appropriate course of action.

Treatment

Treatment for skin rashes depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, self-care measures can be effective:

  • Keep it Clean: Gently wash the affected area with mild soap and water. Avoid harsh soaps or hot water, as they can exacerbate the irritation.
  • Moisturize: Apply a hypoallergenic moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated, especially in conditions like eczema where dryness is a common issue.
  • Avoid Triggers: If the rash is linked to an allergy or irritation, identify and avoid the triggers. This might include certain fabrics, detergents, or skincare products.
  • Over-the-Counter Creams: Non-prescription creams or ointments containing ingredients like hydrocortisone can help reduce inflammation and itching.
  • Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can be beneficial in managing allergic reactions and relieving itching.

However, it's important to note that self-treatment has its limits. If the rash persists, worsens, or is accompanied by severe symptoms, seeking professional help is crucial.

When to Seek Professional Help

If your skin rash is spreading rapidly, accompanied by fever or systemic symptoms, shows signs of infection, persists despite home remedies, or if you have a history of allergies or exposure to potential irritants, it's crucial to seek professional help. Dermatologists or healthcare providers can conduct thorough examinations, perform tests, and prescribe appropriate medications or treatments, ensuring the rash is properly addressed and potential complications are avoided.

Constipation

Constipation is a common digestive issue that can affect people of all ages. While it's often a temporary inconvenience, persistent constipation can lead to discomfort and impact overall well-being. In this guide, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, and practical tips for managing constipation.

Constipation is generally characterized by infrequent bowel movements, typically fewer than three times per week. It can also involve difficulty passing stools, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the presence of hard or dry stools. Several factors can contribute to constipation, and understanding these can help in managing and preventing it.

  • Dietary Factors: A lack of fiber in the diet is a common cause of constipation. Insufficient water intake can also contribute to stool hardening.
  • Inactivity: Lack of physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle can slow down bowel movements.
  • Certain Medications: Some medications, including certain pain relievers, antacids, and antidepressants, can cause constipation as a side effect.
  • Ignoring the Urge: Ignoring the natural urge to have a bowel movement can lead to constipation.

Signs and Symptoms

Identifying the symptoms of constipation is essential for timely intervention. Look out for:

  • Infrequent bowel movements: If you're having fewer than three bowel movements per week.
  • Difficulty passing stools: Straining during bowel movements can indicate constipation.
  • Abdominal discomfort: Bloating, cramping, and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen may accompany constipation.

Treatment

  • Increase Fiber Intake: Add fiber-rich foods to your diet, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Adequate hydration softens stools and promotes regular bowel movements.
  • Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity to stimulate bowel movements. Even a short daily walk can be beneficial.
  • Establish a Routine: Try to establish a regular time for bowel movements, such as after meals, to take advantage of the body's natural rhythm.
  • Consider Probiotics: Probiotics, found in yogurt or supplements, can help regulate gut health and promote regular bowel movements.
  • Limit Processed Foods: Processed and low-fiber foods can contribute to constipation. Opt for whole, unprocessed foods instead.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If constipation persists despite lifestyle changes, or if you experience severe abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or sudden onset of symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical attention. These could be indicative of underlying issues that require professional evaluation and tailored intervention. Don't hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about your constipation or if symptoms become severe or alarming.

Wound Care

Wounds, whether minor cuts or more significant injuries, require proper care to facilitate healing and minimize the risk of infection. Proper wound care is essential for preventing complications and promoting efficient healing. By following the below guidelines, you can take proactive steps to ensure the well-being of injured areas.

1. Clean Hands and Equipment:

Before touching the wound, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Use clean gloves and sterilized tools if available.

2. Stop the Bleeding:

Apply gentle pressure using a clean cloth or sterile bandage to stop bleeding. Elevating the injured area can also help reduce blood flow.

3. Cleanse the Wound:

Rinse the wound with mild soap and lukewarm water to remove dirt and debris. Avoid using hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, as they can damage tissue.

4. Apply an Antibiotic Ointment:

After cleaning, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. This step is particularly important for deeper cuts or wounds.

5. Cover with a Sterile Bandage:

Cover the wound with a sterile bandage or gauze pad to protect it from dirt and bacteria. Change the dressing regularly, especially if it becomes wet or dirty.

6. Promote Healing:

Facilitate the healing process by keeping the wound moist. Use an over-the-counter hydrogel or ointment as recommended by your healthcare provider.

7. Pain Management:

Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Follow dosing instructions carefully.

8. Monitor for Signs of Infection:

Keep a close eye on the wound for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge. If these occur, seek medical attention promptly.

9. Avoid Certain Substances:

Refrain from exposing the wound to tobacco smoke, as it can impede healing. Limit alcohol consumption, as excessive drinking can also delay the healing process.

When to Seek Professional Help

Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice, especially if you have concerns about the severity of the wound or signs of infection. Remember, attentive care today promotes a speedier recovery tomorrow.

Travel Medicine

Traveling to new destinations can be an exciting adventure, but it also comes with potential health risks. Whether you're a globetrotter, a business traveler, or planning a vacation, understanding the principles of travel medicine is essential for ensuring a safe and enjoyable journey. In this field guide, we'll explore key aspects of travel medicine, from pre-trip preparations to on-the-road health maintenance.

Pre-Travel Preparations

Before embarking on any journey, especially to international destinations, thorough pre-travel preparations are crucial.

  • Consultation with a Travel Medicine Specialist: Schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider specializing in travel medicine. They can provide destination-specific advice, administer necessary vaccinations, and prescribe medications to prevent or treat travel-related illnesses.
  • Vaccinations and Immunizations: Ensure that routine vaccinations are up-to-date, and inquire about additional vaccines required for specific destinations. Common vaccines for travelers include those for hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever, and meningitis.
  • Malaria Prophylaxis: For travel to malaria-endemic regions, consult your healthcare provider about appropriate antimalarial medications and take preventive measures, such as using bed nets and insect repellents.

Health Tips During Travel:

While on the road, practicing good health habits is essential to prevent illness and stay well.

  • Safe Eating and Drinking: Consume only thoroughly cooked and hot foods, and drink bottled or treated water. Avoid street food in areas with questionable sanitation practices.
  • Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially before meals and after using public facilities.
  • Insect Protection: Use insect repellents containing DEET, wear long sleeves and pants, and sleep under bed nets in areas where vector-borne diseases are prevalent.

Managing Common Travel Ailments:

Despite precautions, travelers may still encounter common health issues. Be prepared to address minor ailments on your journey.

  • Traveler's Diarrhea: Pack oral rehydration solutions and over-the-counter medications for diarrhea. Stay hydrated, and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Altitude Sickness: Gradual acclimatization is crucial when traveling to high-altitude destinations. Stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, and be aware of symptoms like headache and dizziness.

Traveling with Medications:

Ensure you have an ample supply of any prescribed medications, along with a copy of your prescriptions. Familiarize yourself with the regulations regarding carrying medications across borders.

Post-Travel Health Check:

Upon returning home, monitor your health and seek medical attention if you develop any unusual symptoms. Inform your healthcare provider about your travel history to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment.

Incorporating travel medicine principles into your trip planning and on-the-road routine is an investment in your well-being. By taking proactive measures, staying informed, and seeking professional advice when needed, you can minimize health risks and make the most of your travel experiences. Remember, a healthy traveler is a happy traveler!

The Medications:

Doxycycline Monohydrate (100 mg, cap)

Doxycycline Monohydrate is a versatile antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class, widely prescribed for its effectiveness against various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible organisms, thereby impeding bacterial growth and replication.

Uses:

Doxycycline Monohydrate is used to treat a broad spectrum of infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases. It is also used in the prevention of malaria and as part of the treatment regimen for acne.

Dosage:

The dosage of Doxycycline Monohydrate varies based on the type and severity of the infection. Typically, it is taken orally with a full glass of water, and it is advisable to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule diligently. Failure to complete the entire prescribed course may result in incomplete eradication of the infection.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics or those with liver dysfunction should avoid Doxycycline Monohydrate. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider of any existing medical conditions or medications to prevent potential interactions.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Doxycycline Monohydrate is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, as it may affect fetal bone development. It can also pass into breast milk, potentially causing harm to nursing infants. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential to weigh the risks and benefits in such cases.

Side Effects:

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin sensitivity to sunlight. It is advisable to take the medication with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Severe side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions, liver dysfunction, and intracranial hypertension. Any unusual symptoms should be reported promptly to a healthcare provider.

Azithromycin (250 mg, tab)

Azithromycin is an antibiotic belonging to the macrolide class, commonly prescribed for its efficacy against a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, ultimately halting the growth and spread of the infectious agent.

Uses:

Azithromycin tablets are used to treat various infections, including respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia and bronchitis), skin and soft tissue infections, ear infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Additionally, it is sometimes used to prevent certain bacterial infections in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Dosage:

The dosage of Azithromycin varies depending on the type and severity of the infection. Typically taken orally, it is important to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the entire course even if symptoms improve before completion. This helps prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a history of allergic reactions to macrolide antibiotics, liver disease, or a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm known as QT prolongation should avoid Azithromycin. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions or medications to prevent potential interactions.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Azithromycin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to weigh the potential risks and benefits, especially if there are specific health concerns or if alternatives are available.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Azithromycin include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions, liver problems, and changes in heart rhythm. If any unusual or severe symptoms occur, seeking prompt medical attention is advised.

Ondansetron ODT (4mg, tab)

Ondansetron ODT, or orally disintegrating tablets, is a medication primarily used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. It belongs to a class of drugs known as serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, effectively blocking signals that trigger nausea and vomiting.

Uses:

Ondansetron ODT is commonly prescribed to manage nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer treatment. It is also effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting following surgery.

Dosage:

The dosage of Ondansetron ODT is typically based on the specific circumstances of the patient and the type of medical procedure. It is often taken 1 to 2 hours before chemotherapy or surgery. The orally disintegrating tablet should be placed on the tongue, where it dissolves rapidly without the need for water.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a known hypersensitivity to ondansetron or similar drugs should avoid its use. It is crucial to inform healthcare providers about any existing medical conditions, especially if there is a history of heart rhythm disorders, to prevent potential complications.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Ondansetron ODT is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional. The benefits of preventing nausea and vomiting need to be weighed against potential risks, and alternative options may be considered.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Ondansetron ODT include headache, constipation, and fatigue. In some cases, there may be transient changes in liver function tests. While severe side effects are rare, allergic reactions may occur. If any unusual or severe symptoms manifest, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly.

SoluMedrol (4mg, tab)

Solu-Medrol, in the form of a 4mg tablet, is a corticosteroid medication containing methylprednisolone. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Uses:

The Solu-Medrol 4mg tablet is prescribed to treat various conditions, including allergic reactions, asthma, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. It is part of the corticosteroid class of drugs, providing anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the immune response.

Dosage:

The dosage of Solu-Medrol 4mg tablets varies depending on the specific medical condition being treated, its severity, and individual patient factors. The medication is usually administered orally, and the prescribed dosage and duration are determined by the healthcare professional.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a known hypersensitivity to methylprednisolone or any components of Solu-Medrol should avoid its use. It is crucial to inform healthcare providers about any existing medical conditions, especially if there is a history of fungal infections or certain viral infections like herpes.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

The use of Solu-Medrol during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be approached with caution. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to assess the potential risks and benefits. In some cases, the medication may be necessary, but careful monitoring and consideration of alternatives are crucial.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Solu-Medrol 4mg tablets may include increased appetite, fluid retention, mood changes, and difficulty sleeping. Prolonged use can lead to more serious side effects, such as adrenal suppression, bone density loss, and an increased risk of infection. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers and adherence to the prescribed dosage are essential to monitor and manage potential side effects.

Ciprofloxacin (0.30%, sol)   

 

Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. The 0.3% solution is a topical ophthalmic formulation used to treat bacterial eye infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, effectively preventing the growth and spread of bacteria.

Uses:

Ciprofloxacin 0.3% solution is specifically designed for treating bacterial eye infections, including conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. It is effective against a range of bacteria and is commonly prescribed for its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties.

Dosage:

The dosage of Ciprofloxacin 0.3% solution is typically one to two drops in the affected eye(s) every 2 hours initially, with a reduction in frequency as the infection improves. It is essential to follow the prescribed schedule and complete the entire course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones should avoid its use. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions or medications to prevent potential interactions.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

The safety of Ciprofloxacin 0.3% solution during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established. While limited systemic absorption is expected, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional to assess the potential risks and benefits, especially during the first trimester.

Side Effects:

Common side effects may include temporary stinging or burning in the eyes. Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions, eye irritation, or changes in vision. If any unusual or severe symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek prompt medical attention.

Nitrofurantion Monohydrate (100 mg, cap)  

 Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate is an antibiotic commonly used for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It belongs to the class of nitrofuran antibiotics and is effective against a variety of bacteria commonly associated with UTIs.

Uses:

Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate is specifically prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial enzymes, disrupting their DNA synthesis and preventing bacterial growth. It is not generally used for systemic infections due to its localized action in the urinary tract.

Dosage:

The standard dosage of Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate is often a 100mg capsule taken orally four times a day with food or milk to enhance absorption and reduce stomach upset. It is crucial to complete the full prescribed course even if symptoms improve before completion to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any nitrofuran should avoid its use. Patients with impaired kidney function, porphyria, or those in the last month of pregnancy should consult with their healthcare provider before taking Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Nitrofurantoin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, especially in the early stages. However, it is not recommended near term (38-42 weeks) due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn. It is excreted in breast milk, and caution is advised during breastfeeding.

Side Effects:

Common side effects may include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and diarrhea. Rare but serious side effects include pulmonary reactions and peripheral neuropathy. If symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent cough, or numbness/tingling occur, seek medical attention promptly.

EpiPen

Introduction:

The EpiPen is a special device used in emergencies to deliver a medicine called epinephrine. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a powerful hormone that helps reverse severe allergic reactions quickly. The EpiPen is a vital tool for people who have allergies that can lead to life-threatening situations.

Uses:

The main purpose of the EpiPen is to treat something called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can happen very fast and cause serious problems in the body. Common triggers for anaphylaxis include certain foods, insect stings, medicines, and latex. When someone is having a severe allergic reaction, the EpiPen injects epinephrine to help open up their airways, raise their blood pressure, and reduce swelling. This helps to counteract the symptoms of the allergic reaction and can be life-saving.

Dosage:

EpiPens come in different doses, usually 0.3 milligrams and 0.15 milligrams. The right dose depends on things like a person's age, weight, and how severe their allergic reaction is. It's very important to follow the instructions given by doctors and the people who make the EpiPen. The device is made to be simple to use, with clear instructions on how to give the medicine in an emergency. People with allergies and those who take care of them often get training on using the EpiPen the right way.

Contraindications:

Even though the EpiPen is helpful, there are times when it shouldn't be used. If someone is allergic to epinephrine or anything in the EpiPen, they shouldn't use it. Also, people with certain health conditions, like heart problems, might need to talk to their doctor before using the EpiPen. It's important for people with allergies to share their medical history with their doctor to make sure the EpiPen is safe for them.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should check with their doctor before using the EpiPen. Although epinephrine is usually safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when used correctly, it's essential to think about the benefits and any possible risks. Doctors can give personalized advice based on a person's health and their specific situation.

Side Effects:

Like any medicine, the EpiPen can have side effects. Common ones include a faster heart rate, feeling nervous, and having pale skin. These effects usually go away once the epinephrine starts working. But if someone has more severe side effects like chest pain or trouble breathing, they should get medical help right away. While the EpiPen's benefits in stopping life-threatening allergic reactions are crucial, it's important to know and talk about possible side effects with a doctor.

Fluconazole (150 mg, tab)

Introduction:

Fluconazole is a medication used to treat fungal infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungals and is commonly prescribed to combat various fungal infections in different parts of the body. Fluconazole works by stopping the growth of the fungus, helping the body fight off the infection.

Uses:

Fluconazole is employed to treat a variety of fungal infections, including those affecting the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, blood, and genital areas. Common conditions treated with Fluconazole include thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth and throat) and vaginal yeast infections. Additionally, it is used in certain cases to prevent fungal infections in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplant recipients.

Dosage:

The typical dosage of Fluconazole in tablet form is 150 mg. The medication is usually taken as a single dose, and in the case of certain infections, a second dose may be prescribed after a few days. For recurrent infections, a healthcare provider may recommend a longer course or a different dosing schedule. It's essential for individuals to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the complete eradication of the fungal infection.

Contraindications:

While Fluconazole is effective in treating fungal infections, there are situations where its use may not be suitable. Individuals with a known allergy to Fluconazole or other azole antifungals should avoid this medication. It's crucial to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, especially liver disease, as well as ongoing medications to prevent potential interactions.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should consult their healthcare provider before taking Fluconazole. Although the medication is generally considered safe during pregnancy, the healthcare provider will weigh the potential benefits against any potential risks. It's important to discuss any existing health conditions and ongoing medications to make an informed decision about using Fluconazole during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side Effects:

Like many medications, Fluconazole may cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and stomach pain. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if more severe side effects such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing occur, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. It's important for individuals to be aware of potential side effects and promptly report any unusual or severe reactions to their healthcare provider. 

Dicyclomine (10 mg, cap)

Introduction:

Dicyclomine is a medication used to relieve muscle spasms and discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics and is commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms associated with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Dicyclomine works by relaxing the muscles in the gut, which can help reduce pain and discomfort.

Uses:

Dicyclomine is primarily used to treat conditions involving muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract. It is often prescribed for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common digestive disorder that can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. By relaxing the muscles in the digestive system, Dicyclomine helps ease these symptoms, providing relief for individuals with IBS or other conditions involving gastrointestinal muscle spasms.

Dosage:

The typical dosage of Dicyclomine in capsule form is 10 mg. The medication is usually taken before meals, as directed by a healthcare provider. The dosage may vary depending on the individual's specific condition and response to treatment. It's important for individuals to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed the recommended amount to avoid potential side effects.

Contraindications:

While Dicyclomine is effective in relieving muscle spasms, there are situations where its use may not be suitable. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or an obstruction in the digestive tract, should avoid this medication. It's crucial to provide a complete medical history to the healthcare provider, including information about allergies and ongoing medications, to ensure safe and effective use of Dicyclomine.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should consult their healthcare provider before taking Dicyclomine. Although the medication is generally considered safe during pregnancy, the healthcare provider will weigh the potential benefits against any potential risks. It's important to discuss any existing health conditions and ongoing medications to make an informed decision about using Dicyclomine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side Effects:

Like many medications, Dicyclomine may cause side effects. Common side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, and dizziness. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if more severe side effects such as difficulty urinating, rapid heartbeat, or allergic reactions occur, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. It's important for individuals to be aware of potential side effects and promptly report any unusual or severe reactions to their healthcare provider. 

Famotadine (20 mg, tab)

Introduction:

Famotidine is a medication used to reduce the production of stomach acid. It belongs to a group of drugs known as histamine-2 blockers and is often prescribed to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid. Famotidine helps alleviate symptoms associated with conditions like heartburn, acid indigestion, and stomach ulcers.

Uses:

Famotidine is primarily used to treat conditions caused by excessive stomach acid. It is frequently prescribed for individuals experiencing heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus. Additionally, Famotidine is used to manage acid indigestion and prevent and treat stomach ulcers. By reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, Famotidine helps relieve discomfort and promotes healing in the digestive tract.

Dosage:

The typical dosage of Famotidine in tablet form is 20 mg. The medication is usually taken before meals or as directed by a healthcare provider. The dosage may vary depending on the individual's specific condition and response to treatment. For certain conditions, a healthcare provider may recommend a higher dosage or a different dosing schedule. It's important for individuals to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed the recommended amount to achieve the maximum benefit and minimize the risk of side effects.

Contraindications:

While Famotidine is effective in reducing stomach acid, there are situations where its use may not be suitable. Individuals with a known allergy to Famotidine or any of its components should avoid this medication. It's important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, especially kidney problems, and ongoing medications to ensure safe and effective use of Famotidine.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should consult their healthcare provider before taking Famotidine. Although the medication is generally considered safe during pregnancy, the healthcare provider will weigh the potential benefits against any potential risks. It's important to discuss any existing health conditions and ongoing medications to make an informed decision about using Famotidine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Side Effects:

Like many medications, Famotidine may cause side effects. Common side effects include headache, dizziness, and constipation. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if more severe side effects such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or irregular heartbeat occur, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. It's important for individuals to be aware of potential side effects and promptly report any unusual or severe reactions to their healthcare provider.

Mupirocin (15gm, 2% ointment)

Introduction:

Mupirocin 2% ointment is a medication that helps treat bacterial skin infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antibiotics and works by stopping the growth of bacteria on the skin. The ointment is usually applied topically, directly to the affected area, and is available by prescription.

Uses:

Mupirocin is primarily used to treat skin infections caused by bacteria. These infections may include impetigo, a contagious skin condition often seen in children, as well as other minor skin infections. It's important to note that this ointment is not effective against viral or fungal infections, so it should only be used for bacterial infections as prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Dosage:

The dosage of Mupirocin 2% ointment depends on the specific condition being treated. It is essential to follow the prescribed instructions provided by the healthcare provider. Typically, the ointment is applied to the affected area of the skin three times a day. It's important to use it regularly and complete the full course of treatment, even if the symptoms improve before the prescribed duration ends.

Contraindications:

While Mupirocin is generally well-tolerated, there are certain situations where its use is not recommended. Individuals who are allergic to Mupirocin or any of its ingredients should not use this medication. It's crucial to inform the healthcare provider about any known allergies or adverse reactions to antibiotics. Additionally, Mupirocin should not be applied to areas with open wounds, cuts, or burns.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with their healthcare provider before using Mupirocin. While there is limited information available on the use of Mupirocin during pregnancy, it is essential to weigh the potential benefits against any potential risks. Similarly, it's important to discuss with a healthcare professional whether the benefits of using Mupirocin outweigh any potential risks for breastfeeding individuals.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Mupirocin 2% ointment may include itching, burning, or stinging at the application site. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if any unusual or severe reactions occur, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Allergic reactions are rare but can be serious. Signs of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Betamethasone Dipropionate (15gm, 0.05% cream)

Introduction:

Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream is a medication belonging to the corticosteroid class. It is used topically on the skin to reduce inflammation and relieve various skin conditions. This cream is available only with a prescription from a healthcare professional.

Uses:

Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream is commonly prescribed to treat skin conditions associated with inflammation, such as eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis. It works by reducing redness, itching, and swelling, providing relief to individuals experiencing discomfort due to these skin conditions. It is important to note that this cream is not intended for use on the face, underarms, or groin area unless specifically directed by a healthcare provider.

Dosage:

The dosage of Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream depends on the severity of the skin condition and the specific instructions provided by the healthcare professional. Generally, a thin layer of the cream is applied to the affected area of the skin once or twice daily. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and application instructions to achieve the best results. Overuse or prolonged use of corticosteroid creams can lead to side effects, so it's important to use them as directed by the healthcare provider.

Contraindications:

Individuals with a known allergy to betamethasone or any other corticosteroids should not use Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream. It is also important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, especially infections, as the use of corticosteroids may worsen certain infections. The cream should not be applied to open wounds or sores.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should use Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream cautiously, and only under the guidance of a healthcare professional. While topical corticosteroids are generally considered safe when used as directed, it's crucial to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider. Systemic absorption of the cream may be minimal, but caution is advised to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Betamethasone Dipropionate 0.05% cream may include burning, itching, or redness at the application site. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if any unusual or severe reactions occur, such as skin thinning, stretch marks, or changes in skin color, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Prolonged use or excessive application may increase the risk of side effects, so it's important to use the cream as directed by the healthcare provider.

Ibuprofen (600 mg, tab)

Introduction:

Ibuprofen tablets are a common medication used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. They belong to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ibuprofen is widely available over-the-counter and is often recommended for various aches and pains. It's essential to use these tablets as directed and be aware of potential considerations, such as contraindications and side effects.

Uses:

Ibuprofen tablets are primarily used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. They are commonly recommended for conditions such as headaches, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, and joint pain caused by conditions like arthritis. Additionally, ibuprofen can help reduce fever, making it a go-to choice for managing mild to moderate pain associated with various health issues.

Dosage:

The dosage of ibuprofen tablets depends on the specific condition being treated and the individual's age. It's crucial to follow the recommended dosage provided on the packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional. Usually, adults can take one tablet after every 6 to 8 hours, as needed, with a maximum dose per day. However, it's important not to exceed the recommended dose, as excessive use may lead to adverse effects.

Contraindications:

Certain individuals should avoid or use caution when taking ibuprofen. People with a history of stomach ulcers, heart problems, kidney issues, or allergic reactions to NSAIDs should consult with a healthcare provider before using ibuprofen. It's important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions or medications being taken, as they may interact with ibuprofen.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using ibuprofen, especially during the later stages of pregnancy. It's generally advised to avoid ibuprofen during the third trimester as it may interfere with fetal development. While small amounts may pass into breast milk, ibuprofen is generally considered safe during breastfeeding when used in recommended doses. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of action.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of ibuprofen tablets include stomach upset, heartburn, and dizziness. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, prolonged use or exceeding the recommended dosage may increase the risk of more severe side effects, such as gastrointestinal bleeding or kidney problems. It's crucial to seek medical attention if any unusual or severe reactions occur, including difficulty breathing, swelling, or severe stomach pain.

Diphenhydramine (25mg, capsules) 

Introduction:

Diphenhydramine capsules are a medication commonly used to relieve symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose caused by allergies. They belong to a group of drugs known as antihistamines. Available both over-the-counter and by prescription, diphenhydramine capsules can provide relief for various conditions associated with allergic reactions.

Uses:

Diphenhydramine is primarily used to alleviate symptoms related to allergies, such as hay fever, and also to treat allergic reactions to insect bites and stings. Additionally, it is known for its sedative properties and is often used as a sleep aid in some over-the-counter medications. Due to its antihistamine action, diphenhydramine can help reduce the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that contributes to allergic symptoms.

Dosage:

The dosage of diphenhydramine capsules depends on the specific condition being treated and individual factors. It is crucial to follow the recommended dosage provided on the packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional. Typically, adults can take one capsules every 6 to 8 hours, but exceeding the recommended dose can lead to adverse effects. For sleep aid purposes, some individuals may take a higher dose before bedtime, but it's important to use caution and consult with a healthcare provider.

Contraindications:

Individuals with certain medical conditions should avoid or use caution when taking diphenhydramine capsules. Those with a known allergy to diphenhydramine or similar medications should refrain from using it. Caution is advised for individuals with glaucoma, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or an enlarged prostate, as diphenhydramine may worsen these conditions. It's essential to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions or medications being taken.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using diphenhydramine capsules, especially during the first trimester. While studies on the safety of diphenhydramine during pregnancy are limited, it's generally recommended to use it with caution and under medical supervision. Small amounts of diphenhydramine may pass into breast milk, so breastfeeding individuals should also consult with a healthcare professional before using this medication.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of diphenhydramine capsules include drowsiness, dry mouth, and blurred vision. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, individuals should be cautious when engaging in activities that require alertness, such as driving, as drowsiness can impair coordination. Serious side effects are rare but may include difficulty urinating, irregular heartbeat, or severe allergic reactions. If any unusual or severe reactions occur, medical attention should be sought promptly.

Acetaminophen (500mg, tab)

Introduction:

Acetaminophen tablets are a commonly used medication for relieving pain and reducing fever. Also known as paracetamol, this medicine is widely available over-the-counter and is commonly found in various brand-name and generic formulations. Acetaminophen is known for its effectiveness and is often a go-to choice for managing mild to moderate pain.

Uses:

Acetaminophen tablets are primarily used to alleviate pain associated with conditions like headaches, muscle aches, and toothaches. Additionally, it is widely used to reduce fever, making it a popular choice for managing symptoms of illnesses like the flu or the common cold. Unlike some other pain relievers, acetaminophen is not classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and therefore, it is less likely to cause stomach upset or gastrointestinal issues.

Dosage:

The dosage of acetaminophen tablets depends on various factors, including the individual's age, weight, and the specific condition being treated. It is crucial to follow the recommended dosage provided on the packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional. Typically, adults can take one to two tablets every 4 to 6 hours, but it is important not to exceed the maximum daily dose to avoid potential liver damage. For children, the dosage is based on their age and weight, and it's crucial to use formulations specifically designed for pediatric use.

Contraindications:

While acetaminophen is generally considered safe when used as directed, certain conditions warrant caution or avoidance. Individuals with liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse should consult with a healthcare provider before using acetaminophen, as excessive use can lead to liver damage. Additionally, it's important to avoid combining acetaminophen with other medications that contain it to prevent unintentional overdose. Individuals with allergies to acetaminophen or any of its components should refrain from using it.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Acetaminophen is often considered a safer option during pregnancy compared to some other pain relievers. Pregnant individuals can use acetaminophen as directed for short-term pain relief. Similarly, breastfeeding individuals can use acetaminophen in recommended doses, as only minimal amounts pass into breast milk. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding to ensure its safety for both the mother and the baby.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of acetaminophen are rare when used at recommended doses. However, exceeding the recommended dosage can lead to severe side effects, especially involving the liver. Signs of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). If any unusual or severe reactions occur, medical attention should be sought promptly.

Miralax (17gm, Powder)

Introduction:

Miralax Powder is a type of laxative commonly used to relieve constipation. It is an over-the-counter medication that comes in the form of a powder. Miralax is known for its effectiveness and is often recommended by healthcare professionals to help promote regular bowel movements.

Uses:

Miralax Powder is primarily used to treat constipation, a condition where bowel movements become infrequent or difficult. It works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. This type of laxative is considered gentle and is often used for short-term relief of constipation or to prepare for certain medical procedures, such as colonoscopies.

Dosage:

The dosage of Miralax Powder depends on various factors, including the individual's age and the severity of the constipation. It is crucial to follow the recommended dosage provided on the packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional. Typically, the powder is dissolved in a beverage like water or juice and taken once a day. It may take a day or more to produce a bowel movement, and it's important not to exceed the recommended dose to avoid dehydration or other complications.

Contraindications:

While Miralax is generally considered safe for most individuals, there are certain conditions where its use may not be suitable. People with a history of bowel obstructions or severe abdominal pain should avoid using Miralax and consult with a healthcare provider. Additionally, individuals with kidney problems or electrolyte imbalances should use Miralax with caution, as excessive use may affect these conditions. It's important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions or medications being taken.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Miralax is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Constipation is a common issue during pregnancy, and healthcare providers may recommend Miralax to relieve symptoms. Similarly, breastfeeding individuals can use Miralax as directed. However, it's always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using any medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding to ensure its safety for both the mother and the baby.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Miralax Powder include bloating, gas, and abdominal cramps. These side effects are usually mild and temporary, and they often subside as the body adjusts to the medication. It's important to drink plenty of fluids while using Miralax to help prevent dehydration. Serious side effects are rare, but if any unusual or severe reactions occur, such as severe abdominal pain or persistent diarrhea, medical attention should be sought promptly.

Albuterol (HFA inhaler, 90 mcg)

Introduction:

An Albuterol inhaler is a medication used to treat breathing difficulties, particularly in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a fast-acting bronchodilator that helps open up the airways in the lungs, making it easier for individuals to breathe. Albuterol inhalers are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to provide quick relief during episodes of respiratory distress.

Uses:

The primary use of an Albuterol inhaler is to relieve symptoms of conditions that cause difficulty in breathing, such as asthma and COPD. These conditions can lead to narrowing of the airways, making it challenging to breathe. Albuterol works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and allowing them to widen, which helps increase airflow to the lungs. It is often used as a rescue inhaler during sudden and acute breathing difficulties, providing rapid relief.

Dosage:

The dosage of Albuterol inhaler depends on the individual's specific condition and the severity of symptoms. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions provided by the healthcare professional. Typically, individuals are instructed to use the inhaler as needed during episodes of breathlessness. Overuse or excessive reliance on the inhaler may indicate the need for a review of the treatment plan by a healthcare provider.

Contraindications:

While Albuterol inhalers are generally safe and well-tolerated, there are certain conditions where their use may not be suitable. Individuals with a known allergy to Albuterol or any of its components should avoid using the inhaler. It's important to inform the healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, especially heart problems or high blood pressure, as Albuterol may exacerbate these conditions. Additionally, individuals taking certain medications or experiencing unusual side effects should consult with a healthcare professional.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:

Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before using an Albuterol inhaler. While studies suggest that the benefits of using Albuterol during pregnancy may outweigh potential risks, it's essential to discuss the specific situation with a healthcare professional. Similarly, breastfeeding individuals should consult with their healthcare provider before using the inhaler, as only minimal amounts of Albuterol may pass into breast milk.

Side Effects:

Common side effects of Albuterol inhalers may include jitteriness, increased heart rate, and tremors. These side effects are usually mild and temporary, and they often subside as the body adjusts to the medication. It's crucial to use the inhaler as directed to minimize the risk of side effects. Serious side effects are rare, but if any unusual or severe reactions occur, such as chest pain or difficulty breathing, medical attention should be sought promptly.

Adhesive Bandages (1inch x 3 1/4 inch) 

Introduction:

Adhesive bandages, a ubiquitous fixture in first aid kits and medicine cabinets, play a crucial role in addressing minor injuries. Measuring 1 inch by 3 1/4 inches, these compact medical dressings are designed for convenience and versatility. The adhesive bandage combines a soft, absorbent pad with a skin-friendly adhesive strip, providing a simple yet effective solution for covering and protecting small wounds.

Uses:

The primary purpose of adhesive bandages is to cover and protect minor wounds, such as cuts, scrapes, and abrasions. These bandages serve as a barrier, shielding the wound from external contaminants like dirt and bacteria, thereby reducing the risk of infection. The cushioned pad in the center absorbs any blood or fluids, promoting a clean and optimal environment for the natural healing process to occur.

Contraindications:

While adhesive bandages are generally safe for common minor wounds, certain situations may warrant caution. Individuals with allergies to adhesive materials should be mindful of potential skin irritation. Additionally, if a wound is deep, infected, or requires professional medical attention, adhesive bandages may not be sufficient. In such cases, consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the most appropriate course of action.

Benefits:

The benefits of adhesive bandages extend beyond their basic function of wound coverage. These bandages are user-friendly, allowing for quick and easy application. Their adhesive properties ensure a secure fit without causing undue discomfort during removal. Moreover, adhesive bandages are available in various sizes and designs, making them suitable for different areas of the body and appealing to children with fun patterns. This versatility, combined with their protective features, makes adhesive bandages a valuable tool in promoting the healing of minor injuries.

How to Use:

Using adhesive bandages effectively involves a few simple steps. 

  • Begin by cleaning the wound gently with mild soap and water, ensuring it is dry before applying the bandage. 
  • Unwrap the adhesive bandage, peeling away the protective covering from the adhesive strip. 
  • Place the soft pad directly over the cleaned wound, ensuring complete coverage. 
  • Press down on the adhesive strip, securing the bandage in place. 
  • Regularly change the bandage as needed, especially if it becomes wet or soiled, to maintain a hygienic healing environment.

Adhesive bandages measuring 1 inch by 3 1/4 inches stand as a practical and reliable solution for everyday minor injuries. Their ease of use, protective qualities, and varied designs make them a go-to choice for individuals seeking swift and effective wound care at home or on the go.

Isopropyl Alchohol Prep Pad (70%, Individual Swab)   

 

Introduction:

Isopropyl alcohol prep pads are small, disposable wipes soaked in isopropyl alcohol solution. These pads are commonly used in various settings, including healthcare, first aid, and general hygiene, to disinfect and prepare the skin before medical procedures or the application of adhesive bandages.

Uses:

The primary use of isopropyl alcohol prep pads is to clean and disinfect the skin surface before medical interventions. They are commonly employed to sanitize the area around an injection site, clean minor wounds, or prepare the skin before the application of adhesive bandages or medical tapes. The antimicrobial properties of isopropyl alcohol help reduce the risk of infection by eliminating bacteria and other microorganisms on the skin.

Contraindications:

While isopropyl alcohol prep pads are generally safe for external use, individuals with specific skin sensitivities or allergies to isopropyl alcohol should exercise caution. If irritation or an allergic reaction occurs, discontinuing use is advisable. Additionally, caution should be exercised when using these pads on broken or damaged skin, as it may cause further irritation. In cases of uncertainty or concern, seeking advice from a healthcare professional is recommended.

Benefits:

Isopropyl alcohol prep pads offer several benefits. They provide a quick and convenient method for disinfecting the skin, making them ideal for on-the-go use or in situations where traditional cleaning methods may not be readily available. The individually packaged pads also reduce the risk of contamination and ensure the appropriate amount of alcohol is applied to the skin. Moreover, the drying effect of isopropyl alcohol helps create a clean surface, promoting better adhesion for medical tapes or adhesive bandages.

How to Use:

Using an isopropyl alcohol prep pad is a straightforward process. 

  • Begin by tearing open the individually sealed packet. 
  • Carefully unfold the pad, ensuring that it remains sterile. 
  • Gently wipe the intended skin area with the pad, applying enough pressure to effectively clean the surface. 
  • Allow the skin to air dry or use a clean cloth if necessary. 
  • After preparation, proceed with the intended medical procedure or the application of adhesive bandages.

Isopropyl alcohol prep pads are valuable tools in maintaining proper hygiene and preventing infections in medical and first aid scenarios. Their convenience, effectiveness, and portability make them a popular choice for individuals and healthcare professionals alike when it comes to quickly and efficiently disinfecting the skin before various medical procedures.

Appendix A: Package Insert for Medications Included in Kit

Patient Education - Dicyclomine 10 Mg Capsule

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Dicyclomine Capsules and Tablets PRONUNCIATION (dye SYE kloe meen)

BRAND NAME(S): Bentyl, and Triactin

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat GI (gastrointestinal) spasms.; It is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? For all patients taking this drug: If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have any of these health problems: Bowel block, heart problems due to bleeding, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, reflux esophagitis, slow moving GI (gastrointestinal tract), trouble passing urine, or very bad ulcerative colitis.; If you are breast- feeding. Do not breast-feed while you take this drug.Children: If your child is younger than 6 months of age. Do not give this drug to an infant younger than 6 months of age.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert or have clear eyesight until you see how this drug affects you.; Talk with your doctor before you use alcohol, marijuana or other forms of cannabis, or prescription or OTC drugs that may slow your actions.; Bright lights may bother you. Wear sunglasses.; Be careful in hot weather or while being active. Drink lots of fluids to stop fluid loss.; If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using this drug while you are pregnant.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Fever.; Not sweating during activities or in warm temperatures.; Very bad dizziness or passing out.; Feeling confused.; Trouble swallowing or speaking.; Change in balance.; Change in eyesight.; Larger pupils.; If bright lights bother your eyes.; Trouble passing urine.; Diarrhea.; Fast, slow, or abnormal heartbeat.; Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there).; Memory problems or loss.; Mood changes.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired, or weak.; Blurred eyesight.; Upset stomach.; Feeling nervous and excitable.; Dry mouth.; Unusual thirst.; Dry skin.; Flushing.; Trouble sleeping.; Constipation.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.; Do not take antacids at the same time as this drug. Talk with your doctor.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Protect from heat.; Keep out of direct sunlight.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Azithromycin 250 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Azithromycin Tablets PRONUNCIATION (az ith roe MYE sin)

BRAND NAME(S): Zithromax

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have turned yellow or had liver side effects with this drug before.; If you have any of these health problems: Long QTc on ECG or other heartbeat that is not normal, slow heartbeat, or low potassium or magnesium levels.; If you have heart failure (weak heart).; If you have ever had a certain type of abnormal heartbeat (torsades de pointes).; If you are taking any drugs that can cause a certain type of heartbeat that is not normal (prolonged QT interval). There are many drugs that can do this. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? For all patients taking this drug: Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.; Severe heart rhythm changes like prolonged QT interval have happened with this drug. Sometimes, these can be life-threatening or deadly. If you have questions, talk with the doctor.; If you have myasthenia gravis, talk with your doctor. Call your doctor if your signs get worse. Signs of myasthenia gravis have also happened in people who do not have it. Call your doctor right away if you have new or worse muscle weakness, trouble chewing or swallowing, trouble breathing, droopy eyelids, or change in eyesight like blurred eyesight or seeing double.; If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.Newborns: A very bad stomach problem has happened in newborns taking this drug. Call the doctor right away if your child throws up or gets irritable with feeding.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Chest pain or pressure, a fast heartbeat, or an abnormal heartbeat.; Dizziness or passing out.; Change in hearing.; Fever.; Change in eyesight.; Diarrhea is common with antibiotics.

Rarely, a severe form called C diff–associated diarrhea (CDAD) may happen. Sometimes, this has led to a deadly bowel problem. CDAD may happen during or a few months after taking antibiotics. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain, cramps, or very loose, watery, or bloody stools. Check with your doctor before treating diarrhea.; Liver problems have happened with this drug. Rarely, this has been deadly. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; Severe skin reactions may happen with this drug.

These include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and other serious reactions. Sometimes, body organs may also be affected. These reactions can be deadly. Get medical help right away if you have signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; red or irritated eyes; sores in your mouth, throat, nose, eyes, genitals, or any areas of skin; fever; chills; body aches; shortness of breath; or swollen glands.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Headache.; Diarrhea, stomach pain, upset stomach, or throwing up.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.; Do not take antacids that have magnesium or aluminum at the same time as this drug. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist.; Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Ondansetron Odt 4 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Tablets PRONUNCIATION (on DAN se tron)

BRAND NAME(S): Zofran ODT

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat or prevent upset stomach and throwing up.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have a long QT on ECG.; If you are taking apomorphine.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; If you have phenylketonuria (PKU), talk with your doctor. Some products have phenylalanine.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Trouble passing urine.; Dizziness.; Sudden chest pain or tightness.; A type of abnormal heartbeat (prolonged QT interval) has happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has led to another type of unsafe abnormal heartbeat (torsades de pointes). Call your doctor right away if you have a fast or abnormal heartbeat, or if you pass out.; A severe and sometimes deadly problem called serotonin syndrome may happen. The risk may be greater if you also take certain other drugs. Call your doctor right away if you have agitation; change in balance; confusion; hallucinations; fever; fast or abnormal heartbeat; flushing; muscle twitching or stiffness; seizures; shivering or shaking; sweating a

lot; severe diarrhea, upset stomach, or throwing up; or very bad headache.; This drug may make it harder to see the signs of a bowel block in people who have had surgery in the stomach area or upset stomach and throwing up after chemo. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain or swelling of the stomach area.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Headache.; Feeling tired or weak.; Diarrhea or constipation.; Feeling sleepy.; Anxiety.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.; If the tablets come in a foil blister, do not push the tablet out of the foil when opening. Use dry hands to take it from the foil.; Open right before use.; Place on your tongue and let it dissolve. Water is not needed. Do not swallow it whole. Do not chew, break, or crush it.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? If you take this drug on a regular basis, take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.; Many times this drug is taken on an as needed basis. Do not take more often than told by the doctor.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature protected from light. Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Nitrofurantoin Mono-Mcr 100 Mg

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Nitrofurantoin Capsules

PRONUNCIATION (nye troe fyoor AN toyn) BRAND NAME(S): Macrobid, and Macrodantin

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat or prevent a urinary tract infection (UTI).

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? For all patients taking this drug: If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have kidney disease.; If you have trouble passing urine.; If this drug caused liver problems before.; If you are more than 38 weeks pregnant.Children: If the patient is a child younger than 1 month of age. Do not give this drug to a child younger than 1 month of age.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Be careful if you have low levels of an enzyme called G6PD. Anemia may happen. Low levels of G6PD may be more likely in patients of African, South Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean descent.; If you have high blood sugar (diabetes) and test your urine glucose, talk with your doctor to find out which tests are best to use.; Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.; Very bad and sometimes deadly lung problems have rarely happened with this drug. Most of the time, this happens in people who are taking this drug for 6 months or longer. Lung problems may happen without warning signs. If you take this drug for a long time, your doctor will watch your lung function. Call your doctor right away if you have fever, chills, chest pain, a cough that is not normal, or trouble breathing or other breathing problems.; If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Signs of a pancreas problem (pancreatitis) like very bad stomach pain, very bad back pain, or very bad upset stomach or throwing up.; Signs of lupus like a rash on the cheeks or other body parts, sunburn easy, muscle or joint pain, chest pain or shortness of breath, or swelling in the arms or legs.; Not able to control eye movements.; Diarrhea is common

with antibiotics. Rarely, a severe form called C diff–associated diarrhea (CDAD) may happen. Sometimes, this has led to a deadly bowel problem. CDAD may happen during or a few months after taking antibiotics. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain, cramps, or very loose, watery, or bloody stools. Check with your doctor before treating diarrhea.; Liver problems have rarely happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has been deadly. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; Nerve problems have happened with this drug. Sometimes, these nerve problems have been very bad, have not gone away, or have been deadly. The chance of nerve problems may be higher in people who have kidney problems, anemia, diabetes, electrolyte problems, or low vitamin B. Call your doctor right away if you have a burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not

normal.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Headache.; Upset stomach or throwing up.; Decreased appetite.; Stomach pain or diarrhea.; Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired, or weak.; Some people have had hair loss with this drug. This went back to normal when this drug was stopped.; This drug may change the color of the urine to brown. This is normal and not harmful.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take this drug with food.; Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.; Drink lots of noncaffeine liquids unless told to drink less liquid by your doctor.; Do not take antacids that have magnesium trisilicate in them with this drug.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be

ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened. Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Fluconazole 150 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Fluconazole Tablets PRONUNCIATION (floo KOE na zole)

BRAND NAME(S): Diflucan

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat fungal infections.; It is used to prevent fungal infections.; This drug is used to treat vaginal yeast infections.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you are taking any of these drugs: Abrocitinib, astemizole, cisapride, erythromycin, lemborexant, olaparib, pimozide, quinidine, terfenadine, or voriconazole.; If you are pregnant or may be pregnant. You will need to talk with your doctor about if this drug is right for you.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how this drug affects you.; Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.; Have blood work checked as you have been told by the doctor. Talk with the doctor.; Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol.; Very bad skin problems like rashes have happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has been deadly in people with other bad health problems. Talk with the doctor.; Rarely, severe liver problems have happened with this drug. Sometimes this has been deadly, mostly in people with other bad health problems. Talk with the doctor.; A severe and sometimes deadly reaction has happened. Most of the time, this reaction has signs like fever, rash, or swollen glands with problems in body organs like the liver, kidney, blood, heart, muscles and joints, or lungs. If you have questions, talk with the doctor.; If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; If you are able to get pregnant, talk with your doctor. You may need to use birth control to prevent pregnancy while taking this drug and for some time after your last dose.; This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant. If you are pregnant or you get pregnant while taking this drug, call your doctor right away.; Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about any risks to your baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; Signs of a weak adrenal gland like a severe upset stomach or throwing up, severe dizziness or passing out, muscle weakness, feeling very tired, mood changes, decreased appetite, or weight loss.; Seizures.; A type of severe abnormal heartbeat (prolonged QT interval) has happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has led to another type of severe abnormal heartbeat (torsades de pointes). Most of the time, this has happened in people with other serious health problems or who are taking other drugs that may also cause abnormal heartbeat. Call your doctor right away if you have a fast or abnormal heartbeat, or if you pass out.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Dizziness or headache.; Stomach pain or diarrhea.; Upset stomach or throwing up.; Change in taste.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.; Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Doxycycline Hyclate 100 Mg Tab

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Doxycycline Tablets and Capsules PRONUNCIATION (doks i SYE kleen)

BRAND NAME(S): Acticlate, Adox Pak 2/100, Adoxa, Adoxa Pak 1/100, Adoxa Pak 1/150, Avidoxy, Monodox, Morgidox, Oraxyl, TargaDOX, and Vibramycin, LymePak

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat pimples (acne).; It is used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.; It is used to prevent malaria.; It is used to treat swelling of the tissue around the teeth (periodontitis). It is used with scaling and root planing.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you are taking any of these drugs: Acitretin, isotretinoin, or a penicillin.; If you are breast-feeding or plan to breast-feed. You may need to avoid breast-feeding.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Have your blood work checked if you are on this drug for a long time. Talk with your doctor.; This drug may affect certain lab tests. Tell all of your health care providers and lab workers that you take this drug.; Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.; This drug may make you sunburn more easily. Use care if you will be in the sun. Tell your doctor if you sunburn easily while taking this drug.; Severe skin reactions may happen with this drug. These include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and other serious reactions. Sometimes, body organs may also be affected.

These reactions can be deadly. Get medical help right away if you have signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; red or irritated eyes; sores in your mouth, throat, nose, eyes, genitals, or any areas of skin; fever; chills; body aches; shortness of breath; or swollen glands.; Birth control pills and other hormone-based birth control may not work as well to prevent pregnancy. Use some other kind of birth control also like a condom when taking this drug.; This drug may change tooth color to yellow-gray brown if taken by children younger than 8 years old, or in the unborn baby if taken during some parts of pregnancy. If this change of tooth color happens, it will not go away. Other tooth problems have also happened. Bone growth may also be affected in these people taking this drug. If you have questions, talk with the doctor.; Most of the time, this drug is not for use in children younger than 8 years old. However, there may be times when these children may need to take this drug. Talk with the doctor. ; Change in tooth

color has also happened in adults. This has gone back to normal after this drug was stopped and teeth cleaning at a dentist's office. Talk with the doctor.; This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant. If you are pregnant or you get pregnant while taking this drug, call your doctor right away.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; Signs of a pancreas problem (pancreatitis) like very bad stomach pain, very bad back pain, or very bad upset stomach or throwing up.; Chest pain or pressure or a fast heartbeat.; Not able to pass urine or change in how much urine is passed.; Fever, chills, or sore throat; any unexplained bruising or bleeding; or feeling very tired or weak.; Throat irritation.; Trouble swallowing.; Muscle or joint pain.; Fast breathing.; Flushing.; Very bad dizziness or passing out.; Change in skin color.; Vaginal itching or discharge.; Diarrhea is common with antibiotics. Rarely, a severe form called C diff–associated diarrhea (CDAD) may happen. Sometimes, this has led to a deadly bowel problem. CDAD may happen during or a few months after taking antibiotics. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain, cramps, or very loose, watery, or bloody stools. Check with your doctor before treating diarrhea.; Raised pressure in the brain has happened with this drug. Most of the time, this will go back to normal after this drug is stopped.

Sometimes, loss of eyesight may happen and may not go away even after this drug is stopped. Call your doctor right away if you have a headache or eyesight problems like blurred eyesight, seeing double, or loss of eyesight.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Diarrhea, upset stomach, or throwing up.; Decreased appetite.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.; Some drugs may need to be taken with food or on an empty stomach. For some drugs it does not matter. Check with your pharmacist about how to take this drug.; It is best to avoid taking this drug at the same time as milk, dairy, or other products with calcium. This drug may not work as well. If you have questions, talk with the doctor or pharmacist.; Drink lots of noncaffeine liquids unless told to drink less liquid by your doctor.; Do not take bismuth (Pepto-Bismol®), calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, multivitamins with minerals, colestipol, cholestyramine, didanosine, or antacids within 2 hours of this drug.; Take with a full glass of water.; Do not lie down after taking this drug. This will help lower the chance of throat irritation. Ask your pharmacist how long before you can lie down after taking this drug.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature protected from light. Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Do not take this drug if it is outdated.; Do not take this drug if it has not been stored as you have been told.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Famotidine 20 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Famotidine Tablets PRONUNCIATION (fa MOE ti deen)

BRAND NAME(S): Pepcid, and Pepcid AC

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat or prevent GI (gastrointestinal) ulcers.; It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; acid reflux).; It is used to treat heartburn and sour stomach.; It is used to treat syndromes caused by lots of stomach acid.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have any of these health problems: Black or bloody stools; heartburn with light-headedness, sweating, dizziness, or wheezing; chest pain; shoulder pain with shortness of breath; pain that spreads to the arms, neck, or shoulders; lightheadedness; sweating a lot; throwing up blood; or trouble or pain swallowing food.; If you have had heartburn for 3 months or more.; If you are taking any of these drugs: Cefditoren, dasatinib, delavirdine, or fosamprenavir.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Do not take this drug for longer than you were told by your doctor.; If you have kidney problems or are 65 or older, talk with your doctor. Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there); seizures; and feeling agitated, confused, sluggish, or out of sorts have happened in people with kidney problems and in older people.; This drug may prevent other drugs taken by mouth from getting into the body. If you take other drugs by mouth, you may need to take them at some other time than this drug. Talk with your doctor.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Dizziness or passing out.; Fast or abnormal heartbeat.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Headache.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1- 800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.; Ask your doctor before you take antacids with this drug.; Do not chew this drug.; To prevent heartburn, take before eating foods or drinking liquids that cause heartburn. Take as you were told by your doctor or on the package labeling.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.; Many times this drug is taken on an as needed basis. Do not take more often than told by the doctor.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Mupirocin 2% 22gm Ointment

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Mupirocin

PRONUNCIATION (myoo PEER oh sin)

BRAND NAME(S): Centany AT [DSC], and Centany [DSC]

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat skin infections.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If a large area needs to be treated.; If your skin is damaged or has open wounds. Do not put on damaged skin or open wounds. This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.; Talk with your doctor before you use other drugs or products on your skin.; Do not use this drug near an area where drugs are given into a vein. Talk with the doctor.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.; If you are breast-feeding and use this drug on your breast or nipple, wash the area before breast-feeding your child.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Severe irritation where this drug was used.; Dizziness.; Fast or abnormal heartbeat.; A severe form of diarrhea called C diff-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has happened with most antibiotics. Sometimes, this can be deadly. This may happen while using the antibiotic or within a few months after you stop using it. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain or cramps, very loose or watery stools, or bloody stools. Do not try to treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Burning or stinging.; Short-term pain after use.; Itching.; Headache.; Upset stomach.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Use as you have been told, even if your signs get better.; Do not take this drug by mouth. Use on your skin only. Keep out of your mouth and eyes (may burn).; If you get this drug in any of these areas, rinse well with water.; Wash your hands before and after use. If your hand is the treated area, do not wash your hand after use.; Clean affected part before use. Make sure to dry well.; Use a gauze pad or a cotton swab to put a small amount on the affected skin.; The treated part may be covered with a dressing.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Put on a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not put on 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature. Do not refrigerate or freeze.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Betamethasone Dipr 0.05% Crm 15gm

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Betamethasone Cream, Gel, and Ointment PRONUNCIATION (bay ta METH a sone)

BRAND NAME(S): Diprolene

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to treat psoriasis.; It is used to treat skin irritation.; It is used to treat skin rashes.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have thinning of the skin where you are putting this drug.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Do not use longer than you have been told by the doctor.; Use care when using on a large part of the skin. Talk with the doctor.; Do not use to treat diaper rash or redness. Avoid putting this drug in the diaper area.; This drug may raise the chance of cataracts or glaucoma. Talk with the doctor.; This drug may affect growth in children and teens in some cases. They may need regular growth checks. Talk with the doctor.; If the patient is a child, use this drug with care. The risk of some side effects may be higher in children.; Different brands of this drug may be for use in different ages of children. Talk with the doctor before giving this drug to a child.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.; If you are breast-feeding, do not put this drug right on the nipple or the area right around it.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Signs of a weak adrenal gland like a severe upset stomach or throwing up, severe dizziness or passing out, muscle weakness, feeling very tired, mood changes, decreased appetite, or weight loss.; Signs of Cushing's disease like weight gain in the upper back or belly, moon face, very bad headache, or slow healing.; Signs of high blood sugar like confusion, feeling sleepy, unusual thirst or hunger, passing urine more often, flushing, fast breathing, or breath that smells like fruit.; Skin changes (pimples, stretch marks, slow healing, hair growth).; Skin irritation.; Thinning of the skin.; Change in eyesight.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Burning or stinging.; Dry skin.; Itching.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Use as you have been told, even if your signs get better.; Do not take this drug by mouth. Use on your skin only. Keep out of your mouth, nose, and eyes (may burn).; Do not use coverings (bandages, dressings) unless told to do so by the doctor.; Wash your hands before and after use. If your hand is the treated area, do not wash your hand after use.; Clean affected part before use. Make sure to dry well.; Put a thin layer on the affected skin and rub in gently.; Do not put on the face, underarms, or the groin area unless told to do so by the doctor.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? Put on a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not put on 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature. Do not freeze.; Protect from light.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Ibuprofen 600 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Ibuprofen Tablets

PRONUNCIATION (eye byoo PROE fen) BRAND NAME(S): IBU, and Motrin

WARNING This drug may raise the risk of heart and blood vessel problems like heart attack and stroke. These effects can be deadly. The risk may be greater if you have heart disease or risks for heart disease. However, it can also be raised even if you do not have heart disease or risks for heart disease. The risk can happen within the first weeks of using this drug and may be greater with higher doses or long-term use. Do not use this drug right before or after bypass heart surgery.; This drug may raise the chance of severe and sometimes deadly stomach or bowel problems like ulcers or bleeding. The risk is greater in older people, and in people who have had stomach or bowel ulcers or bleeding before. These problems may occur without warning signs.

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to ease pain, swelling, and fever.; It is used to ease painful period (menstrual) cycles.; It is used to treat arthritis.; It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have an allergy to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen.; If you have ever had asthma caused by a salicylate drug like aspirin or a drug like this one like NSAIDs.; If you have any of these health problems: GI (gastrointestinal) bleeding or kidney problems.; If you have heart failure (weak heart).; If you have had a recent heart attack.; If you are taking any other NSAID, a salicylate drug like aspirin, or pemetrexed.; If you are having trouble getting pregnant or you are having your fertility checked.; If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or get pregnant while taking this drug. This drug may cause harm to an unborn baby if taken at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy. If you are between 20 to 30 weeks of pregnancy, only take this drug if your doctor has told you to. Do not take this drug if you are more than 30 weeks pregnant.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Have your blood work checked if you are on this drug for a long time. Talk with your doctor.; High blood pressure has happened with drugs like this one. Have your blood pressure checked as you have been told by your doctor.; Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol.; If you smoke, talk with your doctor.; If you have asthma, talk with your doctor. You may be more sensitive to this drug.; Do not take more than what your doctor told you to take. Taking more than you are told may raise your chance of very bad side effects.; Do not take this drug for longer than you were told by your doctor.; You may bleed more easily. Be careful and avoid injury. Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor.; The chance of heart failure is raised with the use of drugs like this one. In people who already have heart failure, the chance of heart attack, having to go to the hospital for heart failure, and death is raised. Talk with the doctor.; The chance of heart attack and heart-related death is raised in people taking drugs like this one after a recent heart attack. People taking drugs like this one after a first heart attack were also more likely to die in the year after the heart attack compared with people not taking drugs like this one. Talk with the doctor.; This drug may raise the chance of a severe brain problem called aseptic meningitis. Call your doctor right away if you have a headache, fever, chills, very upset stomach or throwing up, stiff neck, rash, bright lights bother your eyes, feeling sleepy, or feeling confused.; Liver problems have happened with drugs like this one. Sometimes, this has been deadly. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; If you are 60 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; NSAIDs like this drug may affect egg release (ovulation). This may affect being able to get pregnant. This goes back to normal when this drug is stopped. Talk with the doctor.; Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about any risks to your baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Signs of bleeding like throwing up or coughing up blood; vomit that looks like coffee grounds; blood in the urine; black, red, or tarry stools; bleeding from the gums; abnormal vaginal bleeding; bruises without a cause or that get bigger; or bleeding you cannot stop.; Signs of kidney problems like unable to pass urine, change in how much urine is passed, blood in the urine, or a big weight gain.; Signs of high potassium levels like a heartbeat that does not feel normal; feeling confused; feeling weak, lightheaded, or dizzy; feeling like passing out; numbness or tingling; or shortness of breath.; Signs of high blood pressure like very bad headache or dizziness, passing out, or change in eyesight.; Shortness of breath, a big weight gain, or swelling in the arms or legs.; Chest pain or pressure or a fast heartbeat.; Weakness on 1 side of the body, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred eyesight.; Feeling very tired or weak.; Ringing in ears.; Very bad back pain.; Change in eyesight.; Severe skin reactions may happen with this drug. These include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and other serious reactions. Sometimes, body organs may also be affected. These reactions can be deadly. Get medical help right away if you have signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; red or irritated eyes; sores in your mouth, throat, nose, eyes, genitals, or any areas of skin; fever; chills; body aches; shortness of breath; or swollen glands.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, upset stomach, or throwing up.; Heartburn.; Gas.; Dizziness.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without

food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach.; Take with a full glass of water.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? If you take this drug on a regular basis, take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.; Many times this drug is taken on an as needed basis. Do not take more often than told by the doctor.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Protect from heat.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; This drug comes with an extra patient fact sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it with care. Read it again each time this drug is refilled. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with the doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Acetaminophen 500 Mg Tablet

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Acetaminophen Capsules and Tablets PRONUNCIATION (a seet a MIN oh fen)

BRAND NAME(S): Tylenol, and Tylophen, Tylenol Extra Strength, Pain Relief ES (acetaminophen)

WARNING Liver problems have happened with the use of acetaminophen. Sometimes, this has led to a liver transplant or death. Most of the time, liver problems happened in people taking more than 4,000 mg (milligrams) of acetaminophen in a day. People were also often taking more than 1 drug that had acetaminophen in it. If you have questions, talk with your doctor.

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to ease pain and fever.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If you have liver disease.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Avoid taking other products that have acetaminophen in them. Check labels closely. Too much acetaminophen may cause liver problems.; Follow the directions exactly. Do not take more acetaminophen in a day than directed. If you do not know how much acetaminophen you can take in a day, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Some people may take up to 4,000 mg (milligrams) in a day if told to do so by the doctor. Some people (like people with liver problems and children) should take less acetaminophen. Call your doctor right away if you have taken too much acetaminophen in a day, even if you feel well.; Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol.; This drug may affect certain lab tests. Tell all of your health care providers and lab workers that you take this drug.; Different brands of this drug may have different doses for children. Talk with the doctor before giving this drug to a child.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast- feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat. Rarely, some allergic reactions have been life-threatening.; Signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.; Not able to pass urine or change in how much urine is passed.; A severe skin reaction (Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis) may happen. It can cause severe health problems that may not go away, and sometimes death. Get medical help right away if you have signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin (with or without fever); red or irritated eyes; or sores in your mouth, throat, nose, or eyes.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Upset stomach or throwing up.; Trouble sleeping.; Headache.; Constipation.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? If you take this drug on a regular basis, take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.; Many times this drug is taken on an as needed basis. Do not take more often than told by the doctor.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature. Do not refrigerate or freeze.; Store in the original container to protect from light.; Keep lid tightly closed.; Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Patient Education - Diphenhydramine HCl 25mg Cap 1000ea

Scan This QR Code for Patient Specific Medication Information

  1. Use your smartphone camera to focus on the QR code
  2. When the camera recognizes the code, it will display a notification to open the webpage
  3. When the webpage opens, the medication you received will be available
  4. Click the button to learn more about the medication
  5. Watch the short video

CONSUMER INFORMATION USE AND DISCLAIMER This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient.

UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Diphenhydramine Capsules and Tablets PRONUNCIATION (dye fen HYE dra meen)

BRAND NAME(S): Banophen, and Benadryl Allergy Ultratabs

WHAT IS THIS DRUG USED FOR? It is used to ease allergy signs.

WHAT DO I NEED TO TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE I TAKE THIS DRUG? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had.; If the patient is a premature baby or a newborn. Do not give this form of this drug to a premature baby or a newborn.This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this drug.Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take this drug with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

WHAT ARE SOME THINGS I NEED TO KNOW OR DO WHILE I TAKE THIS DRUG? Tell all of your health care providers that you take this drug. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. ; Do not take more than what your doctor told you to take. Taking more than you are told may raise your chance of very bad side effects.; Do not take this drug for longer than you were told by your doctor.; Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how this drug affects you.; Do not use with other products that have diphenhydramine.; Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this drug.; Talk with your doctor before you use marijuana, other forms of cannabis, or prescription or OTC drugs that may slow your actions.; Different brands of this drug may be for use in different ages of children. Talk with the doctor before giving this drug to a child.; Do not use to make a child sleepy. Talk with the doctor.; If you are 60 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.; If the patient is a child, use this drug with care. The risk of feeling excitable may be higher in children.; Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.

WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS THAT I NEED TO CALL MY DOCTOR ABOUT RIGHT AWAY? WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people

may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.; Very bad dizziness or passing out.; Change in balance.; Feeling less alert.

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS DRUG? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Feeling dizzy or sleepy.; Thickening of mucus in nose or throat.; Feeling nervous and excitable.; Upset stomach or throwing up.These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. You may also report side effects at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

HOW IS THIS DRUG BEST TAKEN? Use this drug as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.; Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach.

WHAT DO I DO IF I MISS A DOSE? If you take this drug on a regular basis, take a missed dose as soon as you think about it.; If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your normal time.; Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.; Many times this drug is taken on an as needed basis. Do not take more often than told by the doctor.

HOW DO I STORE AND/OR THROW OUT THIS DRUG? Store at room temperature protected from light. Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.; Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.; Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

GENERAL DRUG FACTS If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor. ; Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.; Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.; If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Copyright 2023 UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Issue 23.4.3.005)

Travel Well.

JetSet Meds

 

 

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